Categories: on practice

Patterns of closeness and independence

Published by
Rick Hanson PhD

Intimacy and autonomy are independent dimensions, and it is their combination that counts.

The qualities in each category, imperfectly summarized by a single word, characterize both types of individuals and, more importantly, states of mind we all transit:

  • Integrated – Comfortable and skillful with both closeness and agency; able both to carry others in her heart while pursuing her own aims, and to be completely authentic in the most intimate moments; symbolically, “you” and “I” are about the same size.
  • Engulfed – Highly connected, but not free to act or express himself fully; giving up “me” is price to be “we;” unnecessarily dependent; clutching, beseeching, placating; could resist encouragement to be more independent; “you” are big and “I” am small.
  • Isolated – Strong sense of personal desires but weak connections with others; a solitary captain with a firm hand on the rudder; could be prickly about bids for closeness or seeming infringements on her prerogatives; “you” are small and “I” am big.
  • Adrift – Dissociated from both others and oneself; unresponsive and passive; alone in a boat with no direction; “you” are small and “I” am small.

Of these four, the Integrated mode of being clearly brings the most benefits to you and to others, it is the best foundation for personal growth and spiritual practice, and it involves the most complex forms of neural regulation. To feel safe in the deep end of the pool of intimacy, a person needs to be able to speak her own truth and be comfortable with closeness.

Rick Hanson PhD

Rick Hanson, Ph.D., is a psychologist, Senior Fellow of the Greater Good Science Center at UC Berkeley, and New York Times best-selling author. He’s been an invited speaker at NASA, Oxford, Stanford, Harvard, and other major universities, and taught in meditation centers worldwide.

Recent Posts

Is cultivating anger a moral imperative?

Mahāyāna Buddhism emphasizes compassion, and yet it portrays awakened beings who look anything but peaceful…

September 2, 2026

Toward more compassionate conversations online

Here are things I try to observe in my own communication online, especially around politics.…

August 7, 2026

Politics as a spiritual practice

It’s hard not to get overwhelmed by what's going on in the world. Politics is…

February 20, 2026

Join me in “As the World Falls Apart”

I am launching a major new course for 2026, on the topic of how we…

January 6, 2026

Buddhist monks on 2,300-mile “Peace Walk” across US

One of my students just let me know that there is a group of Buddhist…

December 29, 2025

“This is just how things are right now”

I've been practicing and teaching self-compassion for a long time now. My book on that…

December 2, 2025